Throughout history, many civilizations have risen and fallen, but some countries have endured for millennia, preserving their identities through wars, invasions, and revolutions. Here are 10 of the oldest countries in the world that still exist today.
1. Egypt
Established around 3100 BCE with the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt, Egypt is one of the oldest civilizations. While modern Egypt has evolved significantly, its ancient legacy continues to influence its culture, architecture, and national identity.
2. Iran (Persia)
The Persian Empire dates back to around 550 BCE under Cyrus the Great. Today’s Iran still retains elements of Persian culture, language (Farsi), and traditions, making it one of the longest-standing nations.
3. China
China’s origins trace back to the Shang Dynasty around 1600 BCE. Despite numerous dynastic changes and modern transformations, China has maintained a continuous cultural and political identity for over 3,000 years.
4. Japan
Japan claims the world’s oldest continuing hereditary monarchy, dating back to 660 BCE. With its unique blend of tradition and innovation, Japan has retained its sovereignty and culture for centuries.
5. Greece
Greece, the cradle of Western civilization, dates back to at least the 8th century BCE. Although it was occupied by the Romans and Ottomans, the Greek language and cultural identity have endured.
6. Ethiopia
One of Africa’s most ancient nations, Ethiopia traces its roots to around 980 BCE with the D'mt Kingdom. Unlike many African nations, it was never colonized (except a brief Italian occupation) and maintains a rich historical legacy.
7. India
India's civilization began around 2500 BCE with the Indus Valley Civilization. While it saw many empires and colonial rule, modern India retains its ancient traditions and diverse culture.
8. San Marino
Founded in 301 CE, San Marino is the world’s oldest republic still in existence. Nestled within Italy, it has maintained independence for over 1,700 years.
9. France
The foundation of France as a distinct political entity dates back to the Treaty of Verdun in 843 CE. Its cultural, political, and military influence has been strong ever since.
10. Armenia
Armenia was the first nation to adopt Christianity as a state religion in 301 CE. Despite conquests and hardships, it has preserved its language, religion, and national identity.
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