Study Finds Heavy Drinking Causes Lasting Brain Damage
A recent study published in the journal Neurology reveals that heavy drinking—defined as eight or more alcoholic drinks per week—can significantly increase the risk of brain injury associated with memory and thinking problems. The research highlights the long-term impact of excessive alcohol use, just as public health experts continue to raise awareness about alcohol use disorder.
The study analyzed brain tissue from over 1,700 deceased individuals, averaging 75 years old at death. Researchers looked for signs of brain injury, such as hyaline arteriolosclerosis—linked to memory issues—and tau tangles, associated with Alzheimer’s disease. Participants were categorized into four groups based on alcohol consumption: non-drinkers, moderate drinkers (seven or fewer drinks weekly), heavy drinkers (eight or more drinks weekly), and former heavy drinkers.
Findings showed that heavy drinkers had a 133% higher likelihood of developing hyaline arteriolosclerosis compared to non-drinkers. Even former heavy drinkers had an 89% increased risk, and moderate drinkers had a 60% higher risk. Additionally, heavy drinkers were more likely to develop tau tangles and died on average 13 years earlier than non-drinkers.
Dr. Leana Wen, an emergency physician and wellness expert, called the findings compelling, noting that damage appears to persist even in former heavy drinkers. However, she emphasized that while the results strongly indicate a link, they don’t prove a direct cause.
Short-term alcohol use can impair brain function, affecting speech, coordination, and judgment. Long-term abuse is associated with lasting conditions like Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, which causes permanent memory loss. Even moderate alcohol use has been linked to premature brain aging and shrinkage.
According to U.S. dietary guidelines, women should consume no more than one drink daily and men no more than two. However, these recommendations have come under scrutiny, with newer evidence suggesting even these levels may increase cancer risks. The study shows that individuals drinking within these guidelines may still be at risk if weekly consumption exceeds eight drinks.
Warning signs of alcohol use disorder include loss of control, neglecting responsibilities, and withdrawal symptoms like nausea. Nearly 29 million Americans aged 12 and older meet the criteria for the disorder.
While total abstinence isn’t always necessary, Dr. Wen advocates for moderation and reflection on drinking habits. She suggests challenges like “Dry January” as opportunities for individuals to evaluate their relationship with alcohol. Those trying to reduce consumption should consult medical professionals, especially if dependent, to avoid dangerous withdrawal symptoms.
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